| Word Watch Every
modern war has its distinctive vocabulary, a set of words that is spread,
multiplied, and in many cases originated by the popular media. In the Civil
War it was "Old Abe" and the "secesh" and "hold the fort!", and ultimately
"carpetbaggers" and "scalawags" and the "Lost Cause." In World War I it
was "huns" and "doughboys," "they shall not pass" and "over the top,"
"unrestricted submarine warfare" and "40 and 8," and ultimately
"armistice," "reparations," "corridors," "partitions," and "open covenants,
openly arrived at." World War II, a self-consciously plebeian war,
popularized "grunts," "spam," "dog tags," "dog-faces," and a lot of other
mostly down-at-the-heels words. While our soldiers in Vietnam engaged in
"firefights" around "strategic hamlets," Walter Cronkite told hapless
viewers of CBS News that the Pentagon was once again "beefing up
American forces," proof that the war was being "escalated" instead of being
"Vietnamized." And eventually, after the war was over, we got to hear a lot
about "fragging."
All war words, appropriate or inappropriate, interesting or
uninteresting, become tiresome with repeated use. The vocabulary of the
current war took only hours to become so, despite the fact that some of it
was effective, in carefully measured doses.
"Shock and awe" has a biblical solemnity, coupled with the little lilt, the
little hint of conscious self-dramatization, that one often finds in the King
James Version.
"Boots on the ground" is as sonorous as, well, boots on the ground; it has,
besides, that small, invigorating whiff of S and M.
"Embedded," used in regard to media correspondents traveling with
military units, must have been coined by some public-information officer
who'd spent the past 20 years trying to get the drop on the media elite. The
word worked its magic. Now, instead of pontificating in front of the Pentagon,
with the associate producer making sure that everybody's got enough
Sprite, the Dan Rather wannabes were fighting to be embedded in a Marine
Corps platoon sweating its way across the Iraqi desert. That can't be bad.
But even good words can be heard too often.
Here are some other expressions that can stand a rest:
"Harm's way." This one has been creeping up on us for a long time. When
the war began, it crouched and sprang. Now it's everywhere. But after all, it's
just War Lite, war talk for non-warlike people. To be "in harm's way" sounds
as if you were standing someplace where you might possibly stub your toe
or pick up a splinter or something. It doesn't suggest the idea of having to
blast your way out of an ambush while a hundred other guys try to blow your
head off.
"Regime change." Bernard Lewis, the Western world's (deservedly) most
respected authority on Islam, denied being responsible for inventing this
phrase. He pointed out that both "regime" and "change" have been in
common speech for a long, long time. It might also be observed that the
madcap Iraqi state was positively begging for the item in question. The
thought of "regime change" just naturally goes together with the thought of
"Saddam Hussein." Nevertheless, efforts are underway to make "regime
change" go with a lot of other things. Prospective President John Kerry, for
instance, has attempted to make it synonymous with "getting rid of George
Bush." But whatever one thinks of Kerry's implied comparison of Bush with
Saddam and I think it's a classic revelation of the Democrats' most
potent and reliable motivation, which is hatred of Republicans
"regime" really does mean more than "that guy I don't like." It means a
whole system of things. By the time this reflection is published, however, I'm
sure that we will have reached the point where Little Leaguers are
demanding a regime change whenever they're disappointed in their
coach.
"Smoking gun." The popularity of this one dates to the Watergate era. It
really is an evocative phrase, a phrase that's capable of all kinds of uses.
What it means right now is, "Saddam's weapons of mass destruction." But
the phrase is so overworked that, from the strictly linguistic point of view, it
would be better if those weapons never got found. Let's not let the saying
spread any farther. It might be funny, and it might solidify support for the
Second Amendment, if people went around saying, "Is that a smoking gun
you're carrying, or are you just happy to see me?" But I don't want to hear
it.
"Fog of war," meaning a soldier's inability to know exactly what's going
on while he's fighting, is a less happy expression. It's one of those phrases
that smell of the lamp an old-fashioned way of saying that it's
the kind of phrase that has to be found by searching late at night, with the
lamp on. This one is always attributed to Clausewitz's "On War," although
Clausewitz didn't say it quite like that. He said it in a more complicated
manner. If you ever happen to read Clausewitz, you'll get so sick of his
trademarked method of saying obvious things in pompous ways that you'll
quickly resort to someone else maybe to someone like Mary Poppins,
who was just as warlike, and much more perspicuous. But yes, Clausewitz
was right: soldiers can't know everything; unpredictable things happen in
battle. They also happen when I try to cook. There's something eerie about
the fog of cuisine.
Well, if you like "fog of war," keep it. It's not patently offensive. Just don't
say it all the time. But that's the problem. Only the rare television news show
fails to include "fog," "boots," "embedded," and "smoking gun" in every one
of its 15-minute segments. This is something that we have to live with. We're
embedded. Our boots are on the ground.
Some wartime cliches are less innocent of purpose than the ones I've
mentioned so far. "The Arab Street," consistently invoked by people who
have never set foot outside the network limousine, is a conceptual hand
grenade, used to annihilate everything in its vicinity. Whatever the United
States does, short of mass conversion to Wahhabi fundamentalism, is
certain to "arouse the Arab street," and the results are always "likely to be
devastating." This "street" is dark and angry and oddly memorious. Tom
Brokaw, observing the destruction of Saddam Hussein's statue in the center
of Baghdad, registered dismay about the (shocking!) appearance of the
American flag and its effects on Islamic hearts and minds. Casting himself as
the Proust of the Arab street, Brokaw intoned: "Memories in this part of the
world go back a long way, back to the Crusades in some cases." People must
have very long lives on the Arab street. Or maybe they don't. Maybe they just
believe everything their government tells them. Whatever. I can't see why
we should worry much about (A) advanced geriatrics or (B) mind-numbed
robots.
Speaking of (B), I could spend all day on the sayings of the former Iraqi
government, although the numbness, in this case, was self-induced. Its
great rhetorical achievement was a stupendous unity of tone. Goebbels and
Hitler had much more tonal variation. When Saddam and his flacks were
flapping, all their big effects came from the kind of imagery one associates
with a delinquent eight year-old: "hit them with your shoe," "rattle their
joints," "put a knife to their throats," "we were able to chop off their rotten
heads," "God is grilling their stomachs in hell." Sad to say, nothing resonant
emerged. Saddam was unable to repeat the success he once achieved with
"the mother of all battles." His information minister enjoyed a brief run as
the Iraqi Jerry Lewis, but his success as an entertainer was largely
dependent on the fact that everybody knew he would not have time to
repeat his best lines.
In the verbal war, no one laid a glove on America, except Americans. Our
verbal losses resulted entirely from friendly fire. Among the most serious
attacks by American forces on American speech were two prevalent and
ridiculous mispronunciations: "ca-SHAY" for "cache," as in "a large ca-SHAY
of weapons"; and "calvary," used of a military unit. I may be naive, but I am
astonished to find that even senior military officials, let alone
$200,000-a-year media correspondents, have no idea that "cavalry" is the
name of the military outfit, whereas "Calvary" is the name of the hill where
Jesus died. Maybe these people are Muslims, after all. But even if they are,
they should still learn how to read.
Confusion of sounds is nothing, of course, compared with confusion of
concepts. The worst losses in this category occurred on Battle Ground
America, in the thousands of newspaper and television reports that
characterized antiwar demonstrations as "peaceful" and "nonviolent," no
matter what happened, short of somebody actually getting lynched.
Marvelous: all those hate-filled demonstrators, and nothing unpeaceful
takes place! Unfortunately, it was a miracle like most other miracles. It was
something that didn't happen.
I am looking at a picture of "demonstrators" in San Francisco, trashing a
line of newspaper vending machines. What an homage to freedom of the
press! What touching gratitude to the liberal media! But, to paraphrase the
old poet: the heart, misgiving, asks, can this be peace? No, I don't think so.
Neither is it peace when the "demonstrators" merely decide to immobilize
the city, as they did in San Francisco, Los Angeles, Chicago, and New York.
You can measure their sincerity by their choice of action. When in doubt
about the means available to protest a foreign war, it was obvious to them
that what you should do is prevent your neighbors from getting to work.
Suppose that my friends and I decided to protest the war by sitting down
in your driveway and keeping you from leaving home. Would that be
"peaceful"? Suppose I refused to budge, even when the cops came. Suppose
I started smacking the cops with signs, vomiting on the pavement, and
throwing things through your windows. Would that be "nonviolent"? Maybe I
would call it that, but why should you? As antiwar battalions melted from The
American Street, they left much of the media with gaping holes in its
credibility damage incurred, in large part, because of inadequate
defenses against "nonviolence" and other weapons from the
demonstrators' massive arsenal of words.
As deep calls to deep, so the absurd calls to the absurd. My favorite
absurdity on the military side is a remark delivered by General Montgomery
Meigs, who on April 3 told MSNBC that such and such an attack on Baghdad
would be a "blow to the solar system." The general had, of course, been
aiming at the solar plexus but his blow went wide.
Stephen Cox |